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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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sikh
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Sikh Terrorism
Description
Sikh terrorism is sponsored by expatriate and Indian Sikh groups who want to
carve out an independent Sikh state called Khalistan (Land of the Pure) from
Indian territory. Sikh violence outside India, which surged following the
Indian Army's 1984 assault on the Golden Temple, Sikhism's holiest shrine,
has decreased significantly since mid-1992, although Sikh militant cells are
active internationally and extremists gather funds from overseas Sikh
communities. Active groups include Babbar Khalsa, Azad Khalistan Babbar
Khalsa Force, Khalistan Liberation Front, Khalistan Commando Force, and
Khalistan National Army. Many of these groups operate under umbrella
organizations, the most significant of which is the Second Panthic
committee.
Activities
Sikh attacks in India are mounted against Indian officials and facilities,
other Sikhs, and Hindus; they include assassinations, bombings, and
kidnappings. Sikh extremists probably bombed the Air India jet downed over
the Irish Sea in June 1985, killing 329 passengers and crew. On the same
day, a bomb planted by Sikhs on an Air India flight from Vancouver exploded
in Tokyo's Narita Airport, killing two Japanese baggage handlers. In 1991,
Sikh terrorists attempted to assassinate the Indian Ambassador in Romania--
once India's senior police officer in Punjab from 1986 to 1989--and
kidnapped and held the Romanian charge in New Delhi for seven weeks. In
January 1993, Indian police arrested Sikhs in New Delhi as they were
conspiring to detonate a bomb to disrupt India's Republic Day, and, in
September 1993, Sikh militants attempted to assassinate the Sikh chief of
the ruling Congress Party's youth wing with a bomb. Sikh attacks in India,
ranging from kidnappings and assassinations to remote-controlled bombings,
have dropped markedly since mid-1992 as Indian security forces have killed
or captured a host of senior Sikh militant leaders. Total civilian deaths
in Punjab have declined more than 95 percent since more than 3,300 civilians
died in 1991. The drop results largely from Indian Army, paramilitary, and
police successes against extremist groups.
Strength
Unknown.
Location/Area of Operation
Northern India, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and North America.
External Aid
Sikh expatriates have formed a variety of international organizations that
lobby for the Sikh cause overseas. Most prominent are the World Sikh
Organization and the International Sikh Youth Federation.
Other related organizations:
DAL KHALSA
10/28/92
GP00011
KEY WORDS:
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCES:
* CREATE AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE IN THE PUNJAB;
* TARGET THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT, THE SIKH MODERATE COMMUNITY, AND HINDUS
IN GENERAL.
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BACKGROUND:
THE DAL KHALSA, THE OLDEST OF THE SIKH SEPARATIST GROUPS, WAS
ESTABLISHED WITH THE AVOWED OBJECT OF DEMANDING AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE. IT
BECAME INVOLVED IN TERRORISM AFTER THE SIKH INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT TURNED
VIOLENT UNDER SANT JARNAIL SINGH BHINDRANWALE IN 1981. THE DAL KHALSA WAS
BANNED OFFICIALLY BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AFTER ALLEGEDLY PARICIPATING IN
THE APRIL 1982 SIKH-HINDU COMMUNAL RIOTING. THE GROUP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY
FOR THE ASSASSINATION OF GENERAL A.S. VAIYDA, CHIEF OF THE INDIAN ARMY STAFF
DURING THE 1984 ARMY ASSAULT ON THE GOLDEN TEMPLE. THE ASSASSINATION OF
VAIYDA TOOK PLACE IN AUGUST, 1986 AND DAL KHALSA CLAIMED THAT HE HAD BEEN ON
THE GROUP'S TARGET LIST SINCE THE TIME OF THE ARMY ATTACK ON THE GOLDEN
TEMPLE.
DASHMESH
10/28/92
GP00012
KEY WORDS:
DASHMESH REGIMENT; TENTH REGIMENT; 10TH REGIMENT
POLITICAL OBJECTIVES/TARGET AUDIENCES:
* ESTABLISH KHALISTAN AS AN INDEPENDENT SIKH STATE;
* TARGET INDIAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, MODERATE SIKHS, AND HINDU
RESIDENTS OF THE PUNJAB.
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BACKGROUND:
THE DASHMESH "TENTH" REGIMENT PROBABLY WAS ORGANIZED UNDER THE AEGIS
OF SANT JARNAIL SINGH BHINDRANWALE. AFTER CONDUCTING A REIGN OF TERROR IN
THE PUNJAB IN THE EARLY 1980S, HE WAS KILLED BY THE INDIAN ARMY IN A JUNE
1984 ATTACK ON THE SIKH GOLDEN TEMPLE. THE GROUP WAS NAMED AFTER THE SIKHS'
REVERED 10TH AND LAST GURU, GOBIND SINGH, WHO IN THE 18TH CENTURY, IN
ADDITION TO GREATLY INFLUENCING THE SIKH RELIGION, FORGED THE SIKHS INTO A
WARRIOR CLASS.
THE DASHMESH REGIMENT'S FOUNDER IS REPUTED TO HAVE BEEN MAJOR GENERAL
SHAHEG SINGH, A SIKH OFFICER WITH EXPERIENCE TRAINING IRREGULARS IN
BANGLADESH, AND WHO WAS SUBSEQUENTLY CASHIERED FROM THE INDIAN ARMY FOR
CORRUPTION. HOWEVER, SHORTLY BEFORE HIS DEATH IN THE ATTACK ON THE GOLDEN
TEMPLE, THE GENERAL VEHEMENTLY DISCLAIMED ANY CONNECTION WITH THE DASHMESH
REGIMENT OR ANY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SUCH A REGIMENT. SURINDER SINGH GILL, AN
ORTHODOX SIKH WHO GAVE UP A PRIZED CIVIL SERVICE POSITION TO JOIN
BHINDRANWALE, PROBABLY WAS THE GROUP'S FIRST LEADER. FOLLOWING THE ASSAULT
ON THE GOLDEN TEMPLE, DASHMESH GAINED INCREASED COVERT AND POPULAR SUPPORT
AND HAS CONTINUED TO CLAIM RESPONSIBILITY FOR TERRORIST OPERATIONS
THROUGHOUT INDIA AND THE WORLD. EXAMPLES OF ATTACKS CLAIMED BY DASHMESH
ARE THE FOLLOWING:
IN JUNE 1985 DASHMESH CLAIMED RESPONSIBILTY FOR AN INCIDENT AT
TOKYO'S NARITA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WHEN A BOMB DESTINED FOR
PLACEMENT ON AN AIR INDIA JET LINER EXPLODED PREMATURELY, KILLING
TWO BAGGAGE HANDLERS.
DASHMESH ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MIDAIR DESTRUCTION
OF AN AIR INDIA 747 FROM A BOMB PLACED IN THE LUGGAGE
COMPARTMENT. ANOTHER TERRORIST GROUP, THE KASHMIR LIBERATION
FRONT ALSO CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
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THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOURCE
DOCUMENTS